Iroqouis Confederacy free essay sample

Raids of anothers tribe grew more frequent. The violence needed a peaceful conclusion; therefore to control the violence the confederacy was founded. Iroquois oral history refers to the founder of the confederacy, Chief Designated, blocking out the sun as a demonstration of his powers. (Farther, Bubble, Coatroom, Remarriage 2007) His great orator, Hiawatha, was the one who persuaded the first five Iroquois nations to join in the confederacy. As each one of the confederated nations was distributed into several tribes, there were about thirty or so sachems in the confederacy.These had interior officers under them, answering to the town judges. So the civil power of the government was widely circulated. A man could only gain his office by his own merits, and he held it with good behavior. Any unwanted action was dealt with by dismissal from office and the penalty of public scorn. They, as well as the military leaders, accepted no salary, and gave away any privileges of their offices in peace and their share of plunder in time of war. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroqouis Confederacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was no bribery or corruption in office. These immoralities of civilization were unknown to them.They felt sufficiently rewarded by the confidence and esteem of the people they served and led. The feeling of responsibility which was rusted upon them empowered them to serve and lead with dignity. Each nation was a distinct republic; entirely independent of the others in what may be termed the domestic concerns of the State. However each was bound to others of the league by ties of honor and of general interest. Each had an equal voice in the General Council or Congress of the league, and each possessed a sort of veto or prohibitory power, which was a guaranty against a dictatorship or despotism.The powers and duties of the chief magistrate of he Confederacy were similar to those imposed upon the President of the united States. He had authority to light the great Council Fire-to assemble the General Congress-by sending a messenger to the sachem of each nation, calling him to a meeting. The chief magistrate would personally ignite a fire around which the representatives gathered and each lighted his pipe. He had a cabinet of six councilors of state, whose powers were only advisory. In the Council, he was only the moderator or presiding officer.He had no power to control, directly, military affairs, nor interfere with the internal policy of the overall states of the league. (MM/hat is the Iroquois Confederacy, 2002) In contrast, the Algonquian of the Great Lakes were diverse from the Iroquois in a few ways. Their blending of Algonquian speaking people was divided among at least fifty distinct cultures all along and within the northern Great sakes and northeastern New England. A few of the tribe-like groups were the Miasma, the Ceres, the Montages, and the Ojibwa. As opposed to the Iroquois, the Algonquian were mostly hunter-gathers.They organized themselves into groups with loose ethnic associations. As well as being less stable than the Iroquois, most of the Algonquian were patrimonial. They lived in smaller villages that could be easily taken down and moved. Quite often their villages would not have surrounding fortifications. Later the Algonquian founded settlements and became stable around the Great Lakes and the Ohio Valley. This steered them to beginning to farm and be able to support more densely populated areas like the Iroquois. In addition, even though the Algonquian were mainly independent.

The Veil and Muslim

The Veil and Muslim Introduction Islamic women have worn the veil since time immemorial. The debate on whether the use of the veil does any good to the society has always existed since prehistoric times and it exists even today. This paper discusses how the veil became the symbol of Muslim civilization, what the veil meant to Islamic reformists and the clarity of the authors arguments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Veil and Muslim specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The veil and Muslim civilization It can be argued that the veil was introduced by early Greek priests due to their faulty interpretation of the Islamic law. The earlier perception about women was so negative to the point that some people were quoted claiming that women were without soul. The veil portrayed the Islamic woman as inferior and without much purpose in the society in the old days. Since the civilization of any society is largely dependent on how all members of the society treat each other, then the cruel treatment of Islamic woman by the society as was usual in Egypt was a good measure of the pace of Muslim civilization. Most of the modernists and reformists that campaigned for fair treatment of the woman in the Islam community based most of their arguments on the use of the veil. This was due to the fact that the veil was associated with oppression of women. One of the reformists was quoted arguing that the Muslim woman was poorly mistreated in terms of empowerment through education, important roles in the society, her role in the family and most importantly the veil which was seen as a tool of alienation of the woman from the society. The veil was associated with all the bad things such as dirt, unattractiveness and other negative things. The plight of Islamic women was attributed to Islamic religion which people saw as burying the woman alive behind the veil. The Islamic woman also looked at the other societies of the world especially Christians who treated their women with respect and dignity. They were the only community in the world that covered their women inside a veil. Since the veil was associated with oppression then with time it became the symbol of Muslim civilization (Ahmed 1). What the veil meant to colonial reformists The colonial reformists were looking at liberating the Islamic community from the traditional setting to a more modern society that could fit with the other communities of the world. They saw that the biggest barrier to reforms was the way the Islamic community was treating their women.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The veil was associated with all the degradation to women and as such they saw that the best way to liberate the society was to put pressure on the issue of the veil. The reformists saw the veil as a symbol of oppression. By comparing the veiled Muslim woma n with other liberated societies there was clear evidence to support their argument so that they would be successful in their reforms (Ahmed 1). Clarity of the authors’ arguments I agree with the way the author argues about the issue of the plight of the Muslim woman in the historic times and how the reformists handled the reform agenda by focusing on the treatment given to the Muslim woman. The author was able to clearly link the origin of the veil, the oppression of the Muslim woman and how the reformists handled the reform of the Muslim society by focusing on the veil. Conclusion The veil issue is a very important aspect of the Muslim community for a very long time. The veil was used as a reform tool by early reformists especially in Egypt due to its relationship with oppression of women. The author was able to show clearly the way reformists viewed and argued about the veil and oppression of women and how the Islam community could be reformed by focusing on the issue of t he veil. Work Cited Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam. Yale University, 1992. New Haven: Prentice.