Multi- Level Car Park System Project

Staggered Car Park System Project Profession Episode 1 CE 1.1 INTRODUCTION During my science qualification, I dealt with a venture called Multi-Level Car Park System in my sixth semester. In this way, my first vocation scene portrays that venture. I did my Bachelors Degree in Electronics Communication from Surya School of Engineering Technology partnered to Punjab Technical University. I finished my designing in 2013. This task was finished in a half year and under the authority of Prof. Neha Batra Sharma who was a microcontroller instructor. CE 1.2 BACKGROUND In this century, each individual is attempting to discover manners by which work should be possible effectively and quick. There are part of improvements that have been done that depend on robotization. The projectã‚â utilizes this idea which is agreeable for everybody. In this venture, I am attempting to unravel the customary stopping framework which is loud, inconvenience for clients and has danger of mishaps. For these issues and to lessen human endeavors I have presented a mechanization based staggered leaving framework which uses least space conceivable and numerous vehicles can be left making it efficient and chance free. Leaving will be done in that equivalent measure of spot ground by the legislature however numerous vehicles can be suited. Here the driver of the vehicle will simply leave the vehicle at the section point and afterward rest of the leaving work will be finished by this new framework itself without the assistance of any valet driver. CE 1.3 The issue in each industry, building or office is of stopping. Parcel of room is expected to leave a vehicle. In customary stopping frameworks, labor for example drivers are required and as number of vehicles are expanding radically in the market it makes a danger for every driver who is out and about. On the off chance that suitable vehicle leaving is done, at that point more vehicles can be left. Likewise, there ought to be legitimate space that is should be kept up between two vehicle focal point so an individual taking his vehicle out doesnt face any issue alongside no wastage of room is finished. The point and target behind this task is to decrease human endeavors to leave a vehicle. In this framework, I have utilized mechanization which is finished by Arduino controller. This framework will assist with limiting the vehicle leaving territory particularly in zones where there is less space for leaving. The mechanized vehicle leaving framework will empower vehicles to be left at each floor by floor and in constrained measure of room, numerous vehicles can be left. It is the modernized arrangement of leaving vehicles. CE 1.4 I had made a venture technique to design the work I expected to perform alongside the term it would require by thinking about the degree of complexities and significant zones of work. I began by placing the principal thing in my arrangement as, to talk about the thought regarding extend and do some examination which was trailed by planning of the model and considering Arduino controller. Which further included usage of the model and contemplating different programming strategies valuable for this controller. It followed by last interfacing of parts like servo engine, keypad and so on to finish the equipment and programming part. I had additionally performed trial and investigate on the framework and made a detail venture report. At each progression, I kept my inward task manage included and refreshed with my advancement. CE 1.5 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY Subsequent to concluding the title for my task, I began doing audits on current situations in vehicle leaving and noted down all the troubles and began to discover arrangements on it. There after I began to find techniques on the most proficient method to follow and proceed with this arrangement. I partitioned the task implantation process in 2 bits: cark leaving procedure and vehicle taking procedure. Furthermore, I built up a square chart for the equipment which can be seen underneath. CE 1.6 Robotization is fundamentally the utilization of control framework that will diminish the work or exertion done by human in playing out any assignment of merchandise and enterprises. It fundamentally facilitates it. in space of industrialization, computerization is a stage past automation. Motorization for the most part gives human hardware that will work to help them with any physical or strong effort prerequisite. While computerization essentially diminishes the requirement for human physical and mental necessities. It assumes a significant job on the planet now. For the most part computerized leaving is a technique for leaving and recovering vehicles naturally by utilizing an arrangement of beds and lifts. It is an efficient and space sparing technique and it very well may be utilized for underground or leveled stopping framework. It improves the security and solace of driver in obliged condition that requires understanding and regard for steer the vehicle. CE 1.7 I utilized after equipment parts in the wake of performing concentrates on them. 1. Arduino controller is an instrument utilized with the goal that the framework can detect and control the quantity of sources of info and yields. It is basically a microcontroller board on which projects can be coded. 2. L293 Motor drive IC a solid coordinated high voltage gadget which is utilized as warmth sink and to drive inductive loads and exchanging power transistors. 3. DC Motor utilized bidirectional DC engine that will turn both way and create torque legitimately and speed of 10rpm. 4. Servo engine utilized for accuracy situating and are outfitted with servo component to control rakish positions. 5. Keypad utilization of keypad is done to get contributions from the client to the framework. Client inputs vehicle subtleties and will enter the parking space for that vehicle where it very well may be left. CE 1.8 The interior hardware working of this framework can be portrayed as when the force flexibly is given to the controller, it requests contribution from the client. Client enters the info by means of console which at that point goes to Arduino microcontroller. Engine drive IC which is associated with the principle engine gets information from the controller that is given by the user.ã‚â The controller will fill in as coordinated by the info and pass it to gadget IC appropriately and consequently the engine will turn. In this manner, after vehicle gets left in the ideal zone, the key is squeezed for that opening and it imparts a 0 sign to the controller alongside other fundamental data of the vehicle. A similar method rehashes for different vehicles. The product part was coded dependent on C/C++ programming language. Despite the fact that it was by all accounts a basic code, it took parcel of endeavors in fulfillment. I isolated the entire code into parts and attempted to code each fragment independently and check its usefulness and afterward consolidate it together with the goal that it goes about as one and acts in the ideal style. I likewise took help from specialists from the field of coding to accomplish the ideal outcome in my venture. CE 1.9 The leaving of the vehicle procedure of my undertaking: The breaking point switch tracks for any void accessible parking spaces so when the client inputs the subtleties for stopping, the circle keeps on streaming until it finds an opening for stopping. At the point when a space is discovered, it will request that the client input subtleties and select from accessible opening. This information goes to the controller. The controller triggers the fitting pin to give a vertical development to the lift until floor discovery key is squeezed. Subsequent to arriving at the ideal floor, the subsequent engine is turned to get to the ideal zone of stopping. The servo engine turns the lift outside and vertical engine moves downwards till it is stopped in the opening. When vehicle is left, the lift positions itself to the first situation at the section level. Picking the vehicle from Parking process: At the point when a client needs to take out his vehicle from leaving, it enters the subtleties and the circle streams until he enters the space number of the vehicle left. The opening number goes about as a contribution for the controller and a similar method is rehashed until the vehicle is taken out. The lift at that point levels itself to the section level. CE 1.10 While playing out this task, there were numerous obstacles in the middle. The main obstacle was development of its equipment, as it requires loads of segment and it structure was overwhelming and cumbersome. What's more, the controller was another one for me so it required a significant stretch of time to comprehend its subtleties and the manner in which it capacities. The other issue was with the product as I was not all that capable in making such complex codes. I took help from my seniors and task guide and they helped me conquer this obstacle. CE 1.11 SUMMARY In light of pragmatic and hypothetical information in my field of hardware I arranged a working model that plays out the necessary usefulness. Different conceivable various arrangements and alternatives were thought about and had been considered. What's more, therefore, after specialized similar examination dependent on its legitimacy and negative marks I played out this framework. The entire control of the framework is done on Arduino controller board and its the principle driving unit of the framework. There is a great deal of degree for extension to this framework by including sensors and LCD show demonstrating all parking spaces and subtleties. By and large this undertaking helped me learn new things and it being my first every task in my own field of study, was another experience. It helped me grow a ton in specialized terms just as at individual level.

Climatic Change And Its Effect On Society free essay sample

Article, Research Paper Climatic Change and Its Consequence on Society There has been a significant climatic modification that has taken topographic point all through the mature ages on Earth. These modifications have affected society in more than one way. Be that as it may, there is nil society can make about the drawn out impacts of climatic adjustments. Society has would in general go to the transient impacts of climatic changes that impact the planetary temperatures inside the life expectancy of present coevalss. The accompanying will demo how climatic changes does result society, wellbeing, and financial sciences. Society depends a bunch on common assets for grouped aspects. First of all, general public relies for the most part upon woods to give trees which in twist gracefully wood for building. Different assets incorporate oil and enliven creatures ( livestock ) . In the point of convergence of wood, there is the Western Canadian Boreal Forest which is a major maker of wood for the United States building industry. We will compose a custom exposition test on Climatic Change And Its Effect On Society or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Nonetheless, climatic adjustments has had huge and affecting consequences for the structure business. Contrasted with eastern Canada, the southern boreal backwoods part of western Canada has a similarly dry clime. In this way, dry season impacts are one of the major concerns being tended to by investigate laborers in this part. clime modelers have anticipated a major expansion in temperature for this part, which could take to much drier conditions and gigantic emphasiss on vegetation in the western Canadian boreal wood. This kind of effect was watched following the 1988 drouth it encounters, when there was a bite the dust back of aspen over expanded nations of the aspen parkland in Western Canada. Related with this drouth was a evaporating of enormous lakes in the part. Another conceivable effect for the part is a significant expansion in woodland fires. This is because of the way that fire frequence is firmly connected to wet degrees which are relied upon to reduce under climatic change. Subsequently, it is seen that with expanded climatic adjustment the from now on that this wood has in giving timber is decreasing, and the building industry will stand up to a little downside because of this. In this it is seen that, with a disadvantage in the structure business # 8217 ; s finished result, will other than outcome the financial framework and society. The financial framework will result society and the diminishing in final result implies a diminishing in occupations, which in outcome wounds society. In opposition to the representation of the forested areas in Canada, is the data found on its agribusiness. Since mean temperatures are relied upon to increment more close to the posts than close to the equator, the uprooting in climatic zones will be progressively set apart in the higher scopes. In the mid-scope parts ( 45 # 8211 ; 60 scope ) , the uprooting is relied upon to be around 200-300 kilomete R for each degree Celsius of warming. Since today # 8217 ; s latitudinal clime belts are each ideal for impossible to miss harvests, such removals could hold a ground-breaking sway on agrarian and domesticated animals creation. For delineation, in the Canadian prairies, the turning season may protract by 10 yearss for each 1oC expansion in mean one-year temperature. Another representation ( Taken from beginnings on the net ) is the effect of clime adjustment on H2O. Presently, H2O is a continuance of world, when all is said in done, yet about for all life. Along these lines, if H2O was affected by climatic changes, so would society, wellbeing, each piece great as financial sciences be affected by climatic adjustments. In nations where clime change causes diminished precipitation, freshwater stockpiling state armies, predominantly in the signifier of groundwater, will consistently wither. Zones where more precipitation was non coordinated by expanded vaporization would see immersions also, higher lake and waterway degrees. An expansion in most extreme occasions, for example, drouths also, immersions would disrupt the trustworthiness of numerous basic beginnings. Lessened snow accumulation in winter would chop down the spring run-off that can be basic to topping off lakes and streams ; a 10 % decrease in precipitation and a 1-2oC ascent in temperature could chop down run-off by 40-70 % in desiccant bowls. Compounding drouths joined with the over-misuse of H2O assets would do salt to filter from the soil, in this manner raising the salt of the unsaturated zone ( the bed between the land and the understood in H2O plain cluster ) . In beach front zones, a brought down H2O plain cluster would other than pull salt-water from the ocean in the new groundwater. At a similar clasp, higher degrees of C dioxide in the mood are required to better the proficiency of photosynthesis in workss, which could in twist cause increasingly fast evapo-transpiration. Together, these different impacts would hold exceptionally negative impacts for waterway water partings, lake degrees, springs, and different beginnings of new water. As it is found in the data discovered, such impacts would in world outcome society, agribusiness, and monetary sciences. Society, would hold lower degrees of new water, agribusiness would other than have lower degrees of new water to keep going on. Along these lines, the financial framework would be affected since more work will require to be implemented to recover the beginnings of new water, or happen more. It very well may be seen through these old representations, that society is affected by grouped signifiers of climatic adjustment. In this way, if society is affected, so is the health of individuals inside the general public, and financial sciences is other than affected. It in a general sense resembles a consistent musicality that perseveres with a connection between climatic adjustments and the impacts it has on society, wellbeing, and financial sciences.

Id Like Your Help With My Letter to President Obama

I’d Like Your Help With My Letter to President Obama… Im in a cool HASS (Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) class this semester. A very cool HASS class. Its simply called Rhetoric and we study the art of persuasion. Now the art of persuasion, whether moral or not, is all around us. Its fruits are bore on every billboard, every cereal box, every political speech, and in the vast majority of conversations and social interactions. Through the roundtable conversations, the semiweekly reading handouts, the oral debate, or the 3 essays weve crafted, I have become vastly more aware of the messages and undertones of which we typically arent concious. Sometimes I catch myself grinning as our hockey coach, Dave Hunter, attempts to motivate us for the next period using a strong appeal to emotion (pathos). Sometimes he focuses much more heavily on an appeal to our logic (logos) by quoting statistics on shot blocks and big hits from our previous period. But the key here is that I am more aware. Professor Levine has crafted a curriculum to make u s more aware of the motivations of others and of ourselves. Our most recent essay assignment is particularly interesting to me. Professor Levine has tasked us with crafting letters to President Obama detailing our position and recommendation on the politically tortuous issuance of the presidential permit to run an oil pipeline from the Canadian Tar Sands to the Gulf Coast known as the Keystone XL Pipeline project. The permit is being pursued by a company called TransCanada, that seeks to invest ~5.4 billion dollars into this pipeline. They hoped to begin construction of the pipeline in 2009 but the President has delayed his decision indefinetly. So, heres my proposal: At the very least, I post this here to give you a glimpse of what a writing assignment at MIT can look like. To preface that- I found this to be a challenging assignment and I spent a considerable amount of time on it. At the very most, you can help me (totally voluntary). If you have any ideas on how I can make this letter to President Obama more effective, please share them in the comments. Remember who the letters intended audience is (President Obama). Im not really looking for you to disagree with my thesis, but Id rather that you help me craft a powerful and persuasive letter (tone, arrangement/paragraph structure). I have no obligation to change anything, but as the comments come in over the next week or two, Ill continually edit my letter (so check back for updates, if you fancy). Im basically crowd-sourcing my rewrite (but dont worry, my professor knows Im getting your help!) Gabriel Blanchet 21W.747 Essay #3 Dear President Obama, Approving the KXL pipeline will ensure a steady supply of the oil on which we are so reliant, even as we labor incessantly to transition away from it. In my Rhetoric class at MIT we’ve been examining the political reality and rhetoric surrounding this controversial issue. My entire class was struck by the fact that by 2020, shale oil extraction from the northeast corner of Alberta will more than double whether or not the KXL pipeline is constructed.[i] Supply follows demand, and the world demands oil. If the Keystone XL pipeline proposal is terminated, Canadian oil will be shipped overseas in greater quantities to places like Southeast Asia where carbon emissions and refinery techniques are poorly regulated. When opponents of the pipeline note that an environmentally-friendly president would “leave the oil underground”[ii], they neglect to account for the other nations which will undoubtedly take the same oil out of the ground if we do not. Countries with less environmentally f riendly oil consumption policies will still require oil, but why ship it from our continent to theirs? Now I dont like oil exploitation of this finite resource is dirtying our planet. Im about to graduate from MIT with a degree in mechanical engineering and, frankly, I want to be a real leader in the world my generation will soon inherit from you. I am excited about the prospect of a carbon neutral agenda, just as you are. But we must overcome personal agendas and focus on steering our nation and world to a prosperous, secure and sustainable future. TransCanada’s proposal for construction of the multi-billion dollar Keystone XL Pipeline through the United States is controversial, as it should be. While estimates of scale vary widely, opponents argue that the pipeline impacts the environment too much to warrant its construction despite the US jobs created, tax revenue possibilities or the more stable nature of Canadian oil.. Even discounting the massive number of short term construction jobs created, if the KXL project is similar to other pipeline projects like the Trans-Alaska-Pipel ine System, it will be surveyed several times per day by workers (by air, on foot, and via road) once constructed. Additionally, mechanical devices deployed by workers will perform maintenance inside of the pipeline daily. These devices must be designed and built somewhere (MIT!) and that, in itself, is a job creation mechanism. The great strength of our American government lies in its ability to influence policy formation and provide incentives for targeted growth, not to micromanage individual projects. Your role as President provides you with an opportunity to approve and legislate broad-reaching policies and regulations to steer our nation to a prosperous and secure future. Here is my suggestion: Approve the pipeline project, with strict guidelines and expectations for enhanced safety measures (including detailed spill mitigation and response plans) and more careful navigation through environmentally fragile areas (such as the Ogallala aquifer and Nebraska Sandhills). Simultaneously increase the RD funding of alternative energy technologies, with a sharp focus on immediate cost-competitive alternatives. Offset this funding increase with the federal taxes and fees associated with TransCanadas construction and operation of the KXL pipeline. By so doing, you will be enhancing America’s ability to lead in engineering innovative solutions to our energy concerns while addressing the loud-spoken environmentalist movement by raising taxes and fees on the pipeline. Our Nation will flourish by means of capitalism. According to a poll commissioned by the American Petroleum Institute, a majority of US voters would prefer to rely on oil supplied by Canada than by other foreign countries. In fact, 80% of respondents noted that the US government should support the use of Canadian oil and the pipelines that transport it.[v] Although the environmental movement is insightful and influential, I urge you to pursue this option with vigor. Even at MIT, where groundbreaking research and innovation in the field of alternative energy sources occurs daily, we rely on oil to conduct experiments, light our classrooms, and help us do research as we innovate oil’s replacement technologies. Respectfully, and with great admiration for the work you do and the decisions you make, Gabriel V Blanchet MIT Class of 2013 American Citizen _______________________________________ [i] Omaha.com. Omaha World-Herald. “Birthplace of pipeline controversy” Published October 23rd, 2011. http://www.omaha.com/article/20111023/NEWS01/710239925 Accessed November 16th, 2011. [ii] “Profits Before Environment.” New York Times- The Opinion Pages. August 30th, 2011. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/profits-before-environment/ Accessed November 15th, 2011. [iii] “Jobs in the Pipeline.” Wall Street Journal Editorial. July 7th, 2011. [iv] “Jobs in the Pipeline.” Wall Street Journal Editorial. July 7th, 2011. [v] “Americans want more Canadian Oil, Survey says.” Houston Business Journal. November 4th, 2011. http://www.bizjournals.com/houston/news/2011/11/04/americans-want-more-canadian-oil.html Accessed November 15th, 2011. So, there you have it. Thats my letter, as it stands. Comment with suggestions, but remember Im not looking to change the thesis, but rather tweak the tone and structure to make it have a more powerful impact on President Obama. If its good enough, after all, it will land on his desk :)

How to Measure Motion in Plate Tectonics

The lithospheric plates are the sections of Earths crust and upper mantle that move—very slowly—over the lower mantle below. We know that these plates move from two different lines of evidence—geodetic and geologic—which allow us to trace their movements back in geologic time. Geodetic Plate Motion Geodesy, the science of measuring the Earths shape and positions on it, allows us to measure plate motion directly using GPS, the Global Positioning System. This network of satellites is more stable than the Earths surface, so when a whole continent moves somewhere at a few centimeters per year, GPS can tell. The longer we record this information, the more accurate it becomes, and in much of the world, the numbers are already quite precise. Another thing GPS can show us is tectonic movements within plates. One assumption behind plate tectonics is that the lithosphere is rigid, and indeed that is still a sound and useful assumption. But parts of the plates are soft in comparison, like the Tibetan Plateau and the western American mountain belts. GPS data helps us separate blocks that move independently, even if only by a few millimeters per year. In the United States, the Sierra Nevada and Baja California micro-plates have been distinguished this way. Geologic Plate Motion: Present Three different geologic methods help determine the trajectories of plates: paleomagnetic, geometric, and seismic. The paleomagnetic method is based on the Earths magnetic field. In every volcanic eruption, iron-bearing minerals (mostly magnetite) become magnetized by the prevailing field as they cool. The direction in which theyre magnetized points to the nearest magnetic pole. Because oceanic lithosphere forms continuously by volcanism at spreading ridges, the whole oceanic plate bears a consistent magnetic signature. When the Earths magnetic field reverses direction, as it does for reasons not fully understood, the new rock takes on the reversed signature. Thus most of the seafloor has a striped pattern of magnetizations as if it were a piece of paper emerging from a fax machine (only its symmetrical across the spreading center). The differences in magnetization are slight, but sensitive magnetometers on ships and aircraft can detect them. The most recent magnetic-field reversal was 781,000 years ago, so mapping that reversal gives us a good idea of plate movements in the most recent geologic past. The geometric method gives us the spreading direction to go with the spreading speed. Its based on the transform faults along the mid-ocean ridges. If you look at a spreading ridge on a map, it has a stair-step pattern of segments at right angles. If the spreading segments are the treads, the transforms are the risers that connect them. Carefully measured, these transforms reveal directions of spread. With plate speeds and directions, we have velocities that can be plugged into equations. These velocities match the GPS measurements nicely. Seismic methods use the focal mechanisms of earthquakes to detect the orientation of faults. Although less accurate than paleomagnetic mapping and geometry, these methods are useful for measuring plate movements in parts of the globe that arent well mapped and have fewer GPS stations. Geologic Plate Motion: Past We can extend measurements into the geologic past in several ways. The simplest one is to extend paleomagnetic maps of the oceanic plates out from the spreading centers. Magnetic maps of the seafloor translate precisely into age maps. These maps also reveal how the plates changed velocity as collisions jostled them into rearrangements. Unfortunately, the seafloor is relatively young, no more than about 200 million years old, because it eventually disappears beneath other plates by subduction. As we look deeper into the past, we must rely more and more on paleomagnetism in continental rocks. As plate movements have rotated the continents, the ancient rocks have turned with them, and where their minerals once indicated north, they now point somewhere else, toward apparent poles. When you plot these apparent poles on a map, they appear to wander away from true north as rock ages go back in time. In fact, north does not change (usually), and the wandering paleo-poles tell a story of wandering continents. Together, the methods listed above allow us to produce an integrated timeline of the movement of the lithospheric plates, a tectonic travelogue that leads smoothly up to the present.

Theology of Worship - 1367 Words

â€Å"My Theology of Worship† My theology of worship can be found in John 4:24: â€Å"God is spirit, and those who worship Him must worship in spirit and truth.† This is my theology of worship from this text, which can further be broken down into these four questions, which I will go in detail about how they relate to my theology. How worship functions in the relationship between God and humanity, where the sacraments fits into my theology of worship, the role of the church in corporate worship(community), finally; the role of the pastor in teaching, preparing, and leading worship. God is a spirit, how I know, when you go back to the garden of Eden and read how Adam and Eve fellowship with God, so we are spiritual beings and God longs for the†¦show more content†¦When we take Holy Communion, or get baptize, this is an act of worship. In Holy Communion according to Benedict, this is worship in action. There is movement, movement of the body, the hands, and etc. The four movements the author mentions in his book are as follows: entrance, proclamation amp; response, thanksgiving amp; giving, and sending forth (Benedict 2007). â€Å"Holy Communion is the widely most used form of worship among Christians; this sacrament is celebrated daily and weekly worldwide† (White 2000). Baptism is another way we worship God, this expression of identifying with our Lord as he was baptize in the Jordan by John the Baptist. Benedict says a lot about baptism in his book, for example; â€Å"Baptism is washing in the triune name of God, laying on of hands and anointing with oil, and the Holy Spirit, which nourishes and feed the newly born† (Benedict 2007). Benedict interprets baptism as a covenant with God, as well our community alike. This definition highlights my theology of worship from the holistic approach; it encompasses all aspect of mind, body, soul, spirit, and community. There is something about the church and the community of the church, this organization has always been there for the people, those that are bruised, poor, and the brokenhearted. Corporate worship is found within these four walls, a worship thatShow MoreRelatedBiblical Theology Of Worship. Throughout Our Time In Church,1097 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Theology of Worship Throughout our time in Church, and here at Moody, it is hard to go through it without being told that a priority we should put in our relationship with God is that we should worship him. But what does that mean and how do we do it? What does the bible say about worshiping God? Worship is the feeling or expression of reverence and adoration for God. I think that we can show that through our daily actions and also through singing to God and praying to him, as we most commonlyRead MoreThe Great Commission To Worship1438 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans to rejoice in God and to reveal Jesus in one’s life.1 Authors David Wheeler and Vernon M. Whaley in The Great Commission to God book have emphasized the importance of Worship to the reader in order for Christian to become a great commission worshipper. Authors have asserted that the top points in the book are worship and evangelism. These are a matter of cardinal importance to Believers who desire to live Gods will and way. Because God created us for glorifying him and worshipping him, heRead MoreChapter Twelve, Worship And Evangelism903 Words   |  4 Pageschapter seventeen â€Å"worship and evangelism.† Worship evangelism is a sensitive topic among theologians. This form of evangelism is quite controversial as there is no set-ground of a particular form of worship in the Bible. 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What I will be arguing is that any revelation that a person receives as coming from God must be consistent with the Bible. There are four factors, I believeRead MoreThe Evidence For God By Paul K.1150 Words   |  5 Pageskardiatheology is the most concrete position of God’s existence because a person just needs to be â€Å"willing† to distribute unselfish love to everyone. I am going to accomplish this by first defining what kardiatheology is then transition to the reason why this theology is concrete. According to Matthew 5:38-48, God is consider to be morally perfect. He is morally perfect because he distributes altruistic love to everyone, even to his enemies. Taking that into account, humans are constantly making moral mistakesRead MoreThe Theology, Christology and Pneumatology of The Book of Revelation1741 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology of the Book of Revelation are highly reflective of the social, political and religious context in which the book was written. Within the text, we find expressed the views of an author, and Christian community in general, challenged by the power and ideology of Rome, as well as having to re-imagine and re-comprehend their God, and divinity in general, in light of the revelation of Jesus Christ and the work of the Spirit among them. Before beginningRead MoreEssay on Black Theology1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of Black Theology in the United was one that shocked the nation as a whole. While in slavery, Blacks had to sneak and hold church services. This was partly because Whites felt that Blacks were not able to be accepted into heaven, and they believed that once one as a Christian they could no longer be enslaved. So to appease their conscience they would not allow Blacks to take part in theology. Due to these issues Black Theology soon originated within the United States. The originationRead MoreTheology Is The Science Of God And The Universe961 Words   |  4 Pagesto God, theology is about God and His plan for man. Theology is the science of God and the relations between God and the universe.† In order to first understand if theology is important or not in our lives, it is vital to understand what theology is. In the simplest definition of theology according to Merriam Webster dictionary is â€Å"the study of religious faith, practice, and experience or the study of God and God’s relation to the world.† The more in depth definition of Christian theology on the other

Classification of Students Free Essays

Classifications of Students Students are defined as curious humans who would crave to learn mostly about everything that occurs in this world and that will happen. Like normal humans, students also have different attitudes and characteristics which are commonly alike which causes them to be divided into five different groupings, the ‘queen/king bees’, the ‘bullies’, the ‘universals’, the ‘nerds’ and the ‘losers’. In order to further know about these groups, they should be defined. We will write a custom essay sample on Classification of Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now To start with†¦ The ‘queen/king bees’ which consists of talented, smart, beautiful/handsome, rich and popular, but at the same time hardhearted and prejudice prejudice students. Most of them are mean because they feel their intense power to control students who are lower than them. They are mostly praised and are what I call the ‘heartthrobs’ they make boys/girls crazy in love with them which causes them to have stalkers. Some of them are dumb and the factors that may have raised them up are their money or their beauty. They can also be called bullies but they’re bullies in a less destructive and social ways. They are mostly seen in special rooms, libraries and common classes but they are always infront. Next, the ‘universals’. They are the friend of all, from queen/king bees to the losers,except the bullies because bullies are real bad to everyone. The persons that are inclusive to the universals are talented, optimistic, smiling, jolly, lively and smart and they are mostly respected as well but they are pure in heart that they never want to be prejudice and they never want to underestimate anyone who are lower than them. They are the kind of students which are well taught in character building and they are the ones who can be true friends despite of the differences. They are mostly seen everywhere Then here comes, the ‘nerds’ which are crazy smart and almost know everything out of anything! They are fond with books and computers. They are mostly silent and weird looking. Almost all of them are bullied, sometimes they become ‘the bully’s nerd’ which means they are used by bullies in return, they wouldn’t be bullied. Their jobs to the bullies are more on paper works because all pure bullies are dumb and the only thing they know is to hurt. They are mostly seen in the library and computer libraries. Speaking of the ‘bullies’, they are the ones who are less understood. Most of them hurt others because that maybe what they learned from their houses or experience. They see other people or students as their outlets of their hatred that they can’t express to the ones they hated. They are totally dumb and never wants to study. They hurt all students except the queen/king bees and the universals because they fear to hurt the ones who can stand up against them. They are mostly seen in the detention class or summer class. And last but not the least, the ‘losers’. They are dumb, untalented and mostly get themselves in trouble. They are mostly hopeless about their future. They are ones who are very bullied. Usually, their friends are their co losers or the nerds but their group befriending a nerd is a very unusual tandem. They are mostly seen in detention class with the bullies or in the normal class right at the middle or back. How to cite Classification of Students, Papers

Mobile Workforce Technologies Organization

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Workforce Technologies Organization. Answer: This particular paper is reflected in the e-business strategy of the organization in order to achieve strategic business goals. This paper study is carried out to develop an understanding of the drivers related to e-business performance. The main idea of this paper is using the e-business strategy to achieve a high-level customer satisfaction and meet with proposed business goals and objectives. The main contribution of this paper is to analyze various e-business strategies for the firms to achieve high performance. I analyzed various strategies, which are useful for any business organization to achieve high growth in the market. Finding the main idea of the paper will take my thought towards critically analyzing this particular paper. Detailed comment on the selected paper The research is planned and carried out on the two research questions such as why the performance of the firm is varied among different organizations, which are operating in the same field of business. There is dissimilarity between the performance due to access to information as well as technologies. The second question is that due to divergence in performance, to what extent the organizations are different in their structure. It also planned to do research on future implementation of e-business strategies in the organization. The paper study is based on aggregated data. It is also reflected in the singular models. In this study, four hypotheses are set and then it is tested using the interview as well as survey data collection method. The analytical tools, which are selected for this study is decision support, office as well as groupware. The IT tools used are CASE and object oriented models. I have learned from the paper is that the advanced e-business applications are used to def ine the business objectives of the firm. Shehu and Mahmood defined the IT competency for the project work such as the need of technical information to get a better knowledge of the benefits of e-commerce in the organization. Ndubisi, Capel and Ndubisi argued that use of high IT systems increase the competency of the organization so that they can perform well and compete in the market. Compelling reason to like the work I have liked the work of the authors as this paper gives me the knowledge on the business strategies, which help me, achieve information about how different business strategies help an organization to compete in a similar market. The unique about this work is that it sets four different hypotheses, which gives an innovative success to the authors work. The hypothesis is properly set, which helps the authors to get properly detailed data on the selected topic. When we have to compete in the marketplace, the organization faces different IT challenges, which gives pressure to them to achieve their business goals. Lipitakis and Phillips stated that the hierarchical model is used to measure the e-business strategies of the organization. The analyzed results are important for the academics as it gives methodical way to examine complex interface connecting the technology as well as firms structure. Compelling reason to dislike the work The reason behind dislikes this work is that this paper does not give any example of definite strategies, which can be used by the organization to achieve their business goals. The paper reflected on different analytical tools, but it is not used accurately to conduct the research. The use of IT aligned with the organization is poor, and it is not mentioning any of such IT technologies, which gives high value to the organizational performance. The cross-sectional design does not enable to give details information on the strategic change of the organization. Moderating is considered as an issue, which influences the quality of the data and hampers its performance. Comment on references and related work The paper is based on the e-business strategies, which can increase the performance of the organization. The references used in the paper study are appropriate for the given study but in my viewpoint, there is more paper, which can be cited for this paperwork. The cited paper should be on innovative e-business strategies, which can be used in the organization. After analyzing the paper, I have found that the paper should be in information technology and firm performance, IT strategic orientation, a creation of value in e-business and strategy to business models. These are the related work, which is similar to the selected paper. Comment on presentation style The paper describes its goals clearly. It describes that it reflects on the e-business strategies, which helps the firm to achieve high performance in the similar market. The paper is not able to deliver accurately on the possible e-business strategies, which are used. However, the presentation of this paper is good. The strength of this selected paper is that it follows a proper structure such as the introduction, literature review, research methodology using data collection method with setting of hypothesis, findings and discussion and finally a conclusion. It goes through the entire paper structure. The weakness is that the content of the article is not up to the mark and in some paragraphs, the content is not clear to the reader. The reference list and keywords are proper to search more on the paper. The paper has no such figures, but it contains some tables, which are not clear to the reader. The tables require information that is more detailed so that the reader can understand it. Suggestions and Recommendations on the paper Clear goals: The paper should give a clear description of the goal of the paper at the beginning of the article so that the reader can understand the purpose of the study. If the author mentions a clear goal, then it helps other researcher analyst to do further research on this article. Focus on the paper quality: The authors should at first focus on the quality of the paper by giving a proper concept of the e-business strategies, which should be used by the organization to achieve their business goals and objectives. There are no figures in the paper, which are used to describe the paper topic. Therefore, figures should be given to describe detailed on the content. Clear tables with a proper description: The tables used in the paper are not clear; therefore, the author should give detailed information on the data, which are given in the table format. After analyzing the table, I cannot get proper results from the selected article. Comment on the unanswered questions There are no such unanswered questions in the paper, but the paper requires more detailed information on various e-business strategies, which can help the organization to achieve high performance. Similar organization can achieve a higher level of performance by implementing and adopting innovative business strategies within the firm. Paper description This particular paper is reflected on aligning the technology as well as a business strategy of the organization. The key points are that it deals with the issues as well as frameworks, which are raised while implementing the business strategy within the organization. The paper study presents the findings of the survey as well as interview feedback of the audiences. The survey is taken based on IT strategic levels. Knowledge management is used in this study to develop as well as capture the organizational objectives using the organizational knowledge. Dahlberg, Kivijrvi and Saarinen concluded that project management skills are used by the author has to manage the data, which are gathered from the employees of the IT organization. The main contributions are that to find the issues, which affect the project work to achieve their project goals. Future research is also done on the content of the research so that future implementation of business strategies benefits the organizations. Detailed comments on the selected paper The research is planned on using the advanced information technology for the organization to become a vital enabler of the business strategies. It improves the competitive advantage of the organization and the quality of the services. The use of information technology in the organization improves the business process by implementing a new system, which can do within few hours. It eliminates the occurrence of errors in the organization and gives a high level of customer satisfaction. The data are gathered from taking the interview of 21 senior IT executives using the interview as well as questionnaire survey. The survey is done using both quantitative as well as a qualitative survey. Chatzoglou and Chatzoudes argued that the analytical tools are used to analyze the survey data to get the feedback of the executives about their current system as well as an existing system. The survey is done to meet the challenges of alignment, partnership and supporting of alignment. I have learned fro m the study is that the use of advanced IT strategy for the organization improves the competitive advantage of the organization. I have appreciated some of the technical points such as the use of information based technology gives a planned approach to the organization. The IT strategic objectives should be documented properly so that the business can adopt organizational gain by implementing a new system. Compelling reason to like the work I have liked this article, as the objective of this particular paper is proper as well as accurate for the audience to understand the main concept of the research. The author has used clear and precise language to give their viewpoints on the article topic. In the entire paper, the author has highlighted the issues as well as frameworks used by the IT executives to align technology as well as business strategy. Use of figures in the paper gives an innovative approach as the reader can get a better concept on the paper. In my point of view, this particular paper is valid for doing research in the future. This particular paper topic gives more chances to search for new innovative techniques to implement business strategy within the firms. In addition, the research methodology is detailed into clear language and the data collection methods used accurately. Future research is also possible to do in other organizations, which helps the research analyst to get information about any other f ield of study. Compelling reason to dislike the work I have disliked the paper as in this particular paper the data are gathered from the survey of the employees working within the organization. However, this particular study does not give a proper detailed analysis of the survey results and the percentage of respondents those are given their responses on the selected survey topic. As the detailed analysis is not given in the paper, therefore I cannot get proper knowledge on the topic. Even no survey question is given in the paper so that I cannot get to know about any of the questions based on which the research is taken place. Even the results are not given properly so that the reader can get to know about it. There is a lack of experimental results on the survey. Therefore, unreasonable assumptions are made on it. The analyzed results are not up to the best quality. The research methodology uses complex data analysis technique which is not understandable by the audiences. Comment on references and related work This particular study reflects on the alignment of the business strategies as well as information technology, which raises the organizational performance to a high level. The cited references in the article are accurate and with those references, the reader can search for more information over the internet. As per my point of view, the cited reference should be on technological deployment and organizational performance, global drivers of business, steps to align the information technology with the business strategies and design of business strategy throughout the information technology. The mentioned cited references are the related work, which is similar to the selected paper. Comment on presentation style The presentation of the article is proper. It gives an introductory paragraph on the article topic. Different studies are reflected with supporting the business alignment of the IT strategies. After analyzing on the IT business strategy, the outcomes are clear to the reader. I can understand that if an organization is an inability to invest into IT, then it does not gain business credibility and gives proper reactive services to the customers. Without the IT business system, the organizations are not able to compete in the marketplace. This paper reflects on the competitive business advantage using the IT systems. In the field survey as well as interview section, modified framework is used to analyze the article paper. Even the use of both quantitative, as well as qualitative data collection techniques, gives a unique advantage to the strength of the paper. The reference list, as well as the keywords used, is completed, and it is useful to give the researcher proper search skills. Th e figures are readable, and it trends to give information on the topic. The writing style of the authors is accurate so that all the reader can understand the concepts of the paper. Suggestions and Recommendations on the paper Use of data analysis technique: In this particular paper, the data that are gathered from the employees of the IT senior executives should be analyzed properly in the data analysis section. The data analyst should individually analyze each of the survey questions so that they can gather proper information as well as knowledge of the alignment of business strategy as well as information technology. Findings and discussion section: After analyzing the data, an article should have a finding as well as discussion section, which should give details on the collected data. Make reasonable assumptions: The research analyst should make assumptions, which are possible to do. If they are making of unreasonable assumptions, then it affects the outcomes of the research. It is made in such a way that it gives some quality to the research. Comment on the unanswered questions I have identified that the research analyst cannot make a list of the survey questions. Therefore it may be possible that some of the questions are answered on the researcher end. Most of the work is done based on assumption, and therefore it gives a vital influence on the study. Paper Citation Moderating effect of technology on the business strategy-performance relationship in Malaysian SMES Paper Description This particular paper is reflected on the moderating effect of the technology in the small sized enterprises. In my opinion, this moderating effect on the small scale industry is entirely analyzed by Malaysian context. The concise literature review is presenting the moderating effect of technology on the interrelationship between business strategies and performance of 100 SMEs in Malaysia. I have analyzed that the core contributions of this paper are to analyze the strategic policies that will be guiding the SMEs to improvise their performance level in the competitive marketplace. Findings from this paper will be elaborating my concern about this paper. In this paper, business strategies are used so that it cannot affect the performance of the Malaysian SMES companies. Wu and Gide valued some of the technical points such as utilize of information-based technology provides a considered approach to the association. I have thoroughly analyzed different IT strategies, which are functiona l for several business organizations to attain a high expansion within the marketplace. Detailed comment on the selected paper I found that the research is mainly carried out on one research question: "how the technology is moderating the relationship between the business strategy and performance in Malaysian SMEs." The answer to this question is analyzed by reviewing several kinds of literature on the interrelationship between the business strategy and technology. The concerned data collection for the paper is done through the structured questionnaires for 48 small and medium sized enterprises. Reich and Benbasat stated that the analytical tools in this report are a measurement of business strategies and technological advantages through surveys. I have learned from this literature that three generic business strategies are not only applicable to the large-scale organization but also applicable to a small and midsized organization. I found that there are several empirical pieces of evidence are represented within a review that supports the moderating effect of technology on the relationship between business strategies and technology. I have selected this paper as it gives a proper structure of any research article. Compelling reasons to like the work I have liked the work of the author as this paper is providing a good knowledge about the generic business strategies that must be implemented within the small and midsized enterprises in order to achieve improvised performance level. In my opinion, three hypotheses presented within a paper that are highlighting not only the responses from SMEs but also elaborated the chances of improvements within the organization. According to me, different business strategies affect the performance of the SME from different ways and technological complexity moderates the interrelationship between business strategy and performance of SMEs. I have liked that the paper is very argument, and it is cited by different authors. The authors arguments are clear to me and therefore I can understand the concepts of the paper. Compelling reasons to dislike the work The compelling reason behind the disliking this paper is that the paper does not provide any example of practical implementation of generic strategies on SMEs. I have found that several gaps may be filled if the example shows the relevant data that proves that Interrelationship between the performance of SMEs and business strategies are influenced by ethnological advancements. There are no figures in the paper, which reflects on the paper topic. The most vital gap in this paper is that the topic of the paper is not cited with any author's name. Therefore, there is a lack of understanding of the topic. No such analytical tools are used for this paper, which gives a better understanding of the topic. However, on the other hand, no use of figures in the paper reduces the quality of the paper. Comment on references and related work According to the specific search done by me on the interrelationship between business strategies and performance of the SMEs by the technological advancement I have found that all the references cited within this paper are approximately matching the with the context of the paper. Following are the concerned other resources that may be provided as examples of references for this paper: "Whose Innovation Performance Benefits More from External Networks: Entrepreneurial or Conservative Firms?, Leveraging External Sources of Innovation: A Review of Research on Open Innovation, etc." Comment on presentation style At first, I have identified that the presentation style of this paper is not so good. The paper has described its goals perfectly. It is due to the reason that there is no name of the authors is mentioned at the beginning of the article. Therefore, I am not able to identify the authors those are giving their viewpoints in the paper. The article is not presented properly as compared to other two articles. However, out of it, the entire presentation is proper. It reflects with an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. The identified five chapters of the article give proper knowledge on the topic. The topic of the paper is related to a moderating effect of the technology in the Malaysian SMES. The data analysis section of this paper is accurate as it analyzes the paper topic based on taking a survey of 100 SMEs within the manufacturing sector of the Malaysia. The list of references as well as keywords is completed. Use of contingency framework in the literature review gives a clear picture of the entire review which helps the research analyst to get proper knowledge on the topic. The research model is reflected in strategies of business, technology as well as performance. Suggestions and Recommendations on the paper Use of proper data analysis method: ANOVA is used to analyze the collected data. The data should be analyzed using the simple technique so that the audiences can understand it properly. Even use of ANOVA is not accurate, as most of the reader has no knowledge of this analysis method. Spotlight on the paper superiority: The authors those are writing this paper should concern about the superiority of the paper. Therefore, proper use of data analysis and data collection methods should be used. Use of clear language: The authors should use clear language to conduct the research such that it should be understandable by everyone. Mention the name of the authors: At first, it is identified that the names of the authors are not mentioned. Therefore, the reader cannot understand who the contributors of the paper study are. Comment on the unanswered questions There are no such questions, which are remaining unanswered in this paper. Two of the hypothesis is selected to answer the research questions based on the selected research topic. Work Cited Chatzoglou, P., Chatzoudes, D. (2016). Factors affecting e-business adoption in SMEs: an empirical research.Journal of Enterprise Information Management,29(3), 327-358. Coltman, T. R., Devinney, T. M., Midgley, D. F. (2007). e-Business strategy and firm performance: a latent class assessment of the drivers and impediments to success.Journal of Information Technology,22(2), 87-101. Dahlberg, T., Kivijrvi, H., Saarinen, T. (2015, January). The Role of IT Investment Consistency among the Enablers behind the Success of IT Deployment. InSystem Sciences (HICSS), 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 5462-5471). IEEE. Lipitakis, A., Phillips, P. (2016). On e-business strategy planning and performance: a comparative study of the UK and Greece.Technology Analysis Strategic Management,28(3), 266-289. Ndubisi, N. O., Capel, C. M., Ndubisi, G. C. (2015). Innovation strategy and performance of international technology services ventures: The moderating effect of structural autonomy.Journal of Service Management,26(4), 548-564. Reich, B. H., Benbasat, I. (2013). 10 Measuring the Information SystemsBusiness Strategy Relationship.Strategic Information Management, 265. Shehu, A. M., Mahmood, R. (2014). Market Orientation and Firm Performance among Nigerian SMEs: The Moderating Role of Business Environment.Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences,5(23), 158. Weiss, J. W., Anderson, D. (2004, J). Aligning technology and business strategy: Issues frameworks, a field study of 15 companies. InSystem Sciences, 2004. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on(pp. 10-pp). IEEE. Wu, M., Gide, E. (2016). A Model to Demonstrate the Common CSFs in E-Commerce Business Satisfaction for Measuring E-Commerce Success. Alaeddini, M., Salekfard, S. (2013). Investigating the role of an enterprise architecture project in the business-IT alignment in Iran.Information Systems Frontiers,15(1), 67-88. Chang, J. F. (2016).Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Christensen, C. (2013).The innovator's dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail. Harvard Business Review Press. Drnevich, P. L., Croson, D. C. (2013). Information Technology and Business-Level Strategy: Toward an Integrated Theoretical Perspective.Mis Quarterly,37(2), 483-509. Gnizy, I., Cadogan, J. W., Oliveira, J. S., Nizam, A. (2016). The empirical link between export dispersion and export performance: A contingency-based approach.International Business Review. Grant, R. M. (2016).Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hernandez-Ortega, B., Serrano-Cinca, C., Gomez-Meneses, F. (2014). The firm's continuance intentions to use inter-organizational ICTs: The influence of contingency factors and perceptions.Information Management,51(6), 747-761. Keyes, J. (2016).Implementing the IT balanced scorecard: Aligning IT with corporate strategy. CRC Press. Luthra, S., Garg, D., Haleem, A. (2014). Green supply chain management: Implementation and performancea literature review and some issues.Journal of Advances in Management Research,11(1), 20-46. Melnyk, S. A., Narasimhan, R., DeCampos, H. A. (2014). Supply chain design: issues, challenges, frameworks and solutions.International Journal of Production Research,52(7), 1887-1896. Meutia, Ismail, T. (2015). The influence of competitive pressure on innovative creativity.Academy of Strategic Management Journal,14(2), 117. Oyewobi, L., Windapo, A. O., Rotimi, J. O. B., Jimoh, R. A. (2016). Relationship between competitive strategy and construction organisation performance: the moderating role of organisational characteristics.Management Decision,54(9). Rohrbeck, R., Schwarz, J. O. (2013). The value contribution of strategic foresight: Insights from an empirical study of large European companies.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,80(8), 1593-1606. Singh, H., Mahmood, R. (2014). Manufacturing Strategy and Export Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Malaysia: Moderating Role of External Environment.International Journal of Business and Commerce,3(5), 37-52. Soltanizadeh, S., Abdul Rasid, S. Z., Golshan, N. M., Wan Ismail, W. K. (2016). Business strategy, enterprise risk management and organizational performance.Management Research Review,39(9). Tongur, S., Engwall, M. (2014). The business model dilemma of technology shifts.Technovation,34(9), 525-535. Ward, J., Peppard, J. (2016).The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons. Wu, I., Wu, S. (2015). A strategy-based model for implementing channel integration in e-commerce: An empirical examination.Internet Research,25(2), 239-261. Xu, H., Taute, H. A., Dishman, P., Guo, J. (2015). Examining Causal Relationships among International Experience, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty, Market Entry Mode, and International Performance.International Marketing in the Fast Changing World (Advances in International Marketing, Volume 26) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,26, 135-156.

Iroqouis Confederacy free essay sample

Raids of anothers tribe grew more frequent. The violence needed a peaceful conclusion; therefore to control the violence the confederacy was founded. Iroquois oral history refers to the founder of the confederacy, Chief Designated, blocking out the sun as a demonstration of his powers. (Farther, Bubble, Coatroom, Remarriage 2007) His great orator, Hiawatha, was the one who persuaded the first five Iroquois nations to join in the confederacy. As each one of the confederated nations was distributed into several tribes, there were about thirty or so sachems in the confederacy.These had interior officers under them, answering to the town judges. So the civil power of the government was widely circulated. A man could only gain his office by his own merits, and he held it with good behavior. Any unwanted action was dealt with by dismissal from office and the penalty of public scorn. They, as well as the military leaders, accepted no salary, and gave away any privileges of their offices in peace and their share of plunder in time of war. We will write a custom essay sample on Iroqouis Confederacy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There was no bribery or corruption in office. These immoralities of civilization were unknown to them.They felt sufficiently rewarded by the confidence and esteem of the people they served and led. The feeling of responsibility which was rusted upon them empowered them to serve and lead with dignity. Each nation was a distinct republic; entirely independent of the others in what may be termed the domestic concerns of the State. However each was bound to others of the league by ties of honor and of general interest. Each had an equal voice in the General Council or Congress of the league, and each possessed a sort of veto or prohibitory power, which was a guaranty against a dictatorship or despotism.The powers and duties of the chief magistrate of he Confederacy were similar to those imposed upon the President of the united States. He had authority to light the great Council Fire-to assemble the General Congress-by sending a messenger to the sachem of each nation, calling him to a meeting. The chief magistrate would personally ignite a fire around which the representatives gathered and each lighted his pipe. He had a cabinet of six councilors of state, whose powers were only advisory. In the Council, he was only the moderator or presiding officer.He had no power to control, directly, military affairs, nor interfere with the internal policy of the overall states of the league. (MM/hat is the Iroquois Confederacy, 2002) In contrast, the Algonquian of the Great Lakes were diverse from the Iroquois in a few ways. Their blending of Algonquian speaking people was divided among at least fifty distinct cultures all along and within the northern Great sakes and northeastern New England. A few of the tribe-like groups were the Miasma, the Ceres, the Montages, and the Ojibwa. As opposed to the Iroquois, the Algonquian were mostly hunter-gathers.They organized themselves into groups with loose ethnic associations. As well as being less stable than the Iroquois, most of the Algonquian were patrimonial. They lived in smaller villages that could be easily taken down and moved. Quite often their villages would not have surrounding fortifications. Later the Algonquian founded settlements and became stable around the Great Lakes and the Ohio Valley. This steered them to beginning to farm and be able to support more densely populated areas like the Iroquois. In addition, even though the Algonquian were mainly independent.

The Veil and Muslim

The Veil and Muslim Introduction Islamic women have worn the veil since time immemorial. The debate on whether the use of the veil does any good to the society has always existed since prehistoric times and it exists even today. This paper discusses how the veil became the symbol of Muslim civilization, what the veil meant to Islamic reformists and the clarity of the authors arguments.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Veil and Muslim specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The veil and Muslim civilization It can be argued that the veil was introduced by early Greek priests due to their faulty interpretation of the Islamic law. The earlier perception about women was so negative to the point that some people were quoted claiming that women were without soul. The veil portrayed the Islamic woman as inferior and without much purpose in the society in the old days. Since the civilization of any society is largely dependent on how all members of the society treat each other, then the cruel treatment of Islamic woman by the society as was usual in Egypt was a good measure of the pace of Muslim civilization. Most of the modernists and reformists that campaigned for fair treatment of the woman in the Islam community based most of their arguments on the use of the veil. This was due to the fact that the veil was associated with oppression of women. One of the reformists was quoted arguing that the Muslim woman was poorly mistreated in terms of empowerment through education, important roles in the society, her role in the family and most importantly the veil which was seen as a tool of alienation of the woman from the society. The veil was associated with all the bad things such as dirt, unattractiveness and other negative things. The plight of Islamic women was attributed to Islamic religion which people saw as burying the woman alive behind the veil. The Islamic woman also looked at the other societies of the world especially Christians who treated their women with respect and dignity. They were the only community in the world that covered their women inside a veil. Since the veil was associated with oppression then with time it became the symbol of Muslim civilization (Ahmed 1). What the veil meant to colonial reformists The colonial reformists were looking at liberating the Islamic community from the traditional setting to a more modern society that could fit with the other communities of the world. They saw that the biggest barrier to reforms was the way the Islamic community was treating their women.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The veil was associated with all the degradation to women and as such they saw that the best way to liberate the society was to put pressure on the issue of the veil. The reformists saw the veil as a symbol of oppression. By comparing the veiled Muslim woma n with other liberated societies there was clear evidence to support their argument so that they would be successful in their reforms (Ahmed 1). Clarity of the authors’ arguments I agree with the way the author argues about the issue of the plight of the Muslim woman in the historic times and how the reformists handled the reform agenda by focusing on the treatment given to the Muslim woman. The author was able to clearly link the origin of the veil, the oppression of the Muslim woman and how the reformists handled the reform of the Muslim society by focusing on the veil. Conclusion The veil issue is a very important aspect of the Muslim community for a very long time. The veil was used as a reform tool by early reformists especially in Egypt due to its relationship with oppression of women. The author was able to show clearly the way reformists viewed and argued about the veil and oppression of women and how the Islam community could be reformed by focusing on the issue of t he veil. Work Cited Ahmed, Leila. Women and Gender in Islam. Yale University, 1992. New Haven: Prentice.

Business plane Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business plane - Term Paper Example For all the above, our company has decided to take the challenge and penetrate the art market and establish a strong foothold in the industry and gain a major market share of this highly profitable sector. â€Å"Our mission is to maintain our reputation as an energetic, outgoing and accessible art gallery in London that inspire, interest and sell art work to an increasingly diverse audience and collectors. Not only do we have classified ourselves as a gallery but also as a brand in selling out artwork and products. We aim to acquire, collect and present to our customer the finest works of art available on the market scene in a variety of media and concepts as well as supplying art materials to our customers.† â€Å"Our vision is to expand our business into promoting a strong arts education and arts appreciation for our customers, the general public and educational institutions with interest in art. We aim to develop and integrate our brand (XYZ) into a household name in the art market.† The primary research carried out over the past few months and this gave valuable insights into the information regarding the potential sales per month, operational plan and staffing requirements. Information was also gathered on the different prominent media through which advertising can be easily done to target the potential market segments. Laissez-Faire Buyers: Not all consumers who buy art are avidly devoted fans. A profile of customers tends to visit art galleries and exhibitions when they are easy to get to. These consumers, who tend to go to these social gatherings because they are close by, also tend to be frugal spenders which would imply a laissez-faire type of consumer who will visit out of convenience more than avid following. Urban Prosperity: A major target segment will be the Urban Prosperity group, consisting of a high

English- Questions & Letter Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

English- Questions & Letter Writing - Essay Example Pathos refers to an appeal to emotions as a means of persuasion. Finally, logos refers to an appeal to reasoning as a means of convincing another person. One real world example where these three components occur concomitantly is in Presidential speeches. At the recent Republican Convention Mitt Romney incorporated these elements in his speech to the convention. In this way, Romney uses ethos frequently by referring to his strong ethical responsibility as a life-long Mormon and God devoted individual. Additionally, he refers to having saved the Salt Lake City Olympics as a means of establishing ethical responsibility and devotion to America. Romney implemented pathos in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most prominent way pathos is implemented is by referring to notions of American Exceptionalism. Romney plays on Americans’ belief that their country is the greatest in the world and indicates that if re-elected he will be the one to restore it to this prominence. Additionally, Romn ey indicates that by voting for Barack Obama America will continue to regress into mediocrity. Another ethos element Romney implemented was the importance of having jobs to ensure that Americans are able to live full and healthy lives; in in these regards he plays on emotional fear that unless he is elected America will remain in recession and jobs will not be plentiful. The final element implemented by Mitt Romney is logos. Romney used logos in his speech in a variety of ways. Perhaps the most prominent way logos was implemented was through his reasoning that as a successful businessman he would be able to turn the American economy around. The reasoning in this notion is that he would run America like a business. Another way he implemented logos was through arguing that American must stop running up the debt and spending. The reasoning here is that it is not safe for a country in financial troubles to continue to incur debt. 3. Induction and deduction are different elements. Induct ion refers to reasoning that collects information from specific examples and uses this information to reach a conclusion. This process is also referred to as inductive reasoning. Induction is contrasted with deduction, however, in that deduction generalizes from premises. In this way induction reaches its conclusion from actual examples, whereas deduction generalizes from premises. 4. Dear Professor Takai, I read your article and found it interesting. Specifically, the article discusses the stereotype of Asians as the model minority. The article argued that since society has positioned Asians as the model minority, individuals have considered that African Americans should also have achieved a level of success. Instead, your article considers that Asians Americans have not achieved the high levels of success that they have been purported to have gained. In establishing these points you note a number of statistical information. Your first major argument is that the statistical informa tion that exists about incomes is misleading because Asian Americans live in areas where the cost of living and income levels are higher. You then argue that while many Asian Americans make higher wages, it is because they work longer hours and gain higher levels of education. Another point you make is that the notion of there being a ‘model minority’ homogenizes all Asians into one group rather than highlighting their

The Theory Underpinning One Intervention With A Dually Diagnosed Client Nursing Essay

The Theory Underpinning One Intervention With A Dually Diagnosed Client Nursing Essay Dual diagnosis has been described as one of the most significant problems facing the health services (Phillips et al 2010). The term was first used in America in the 1980s and in its most basic elements describes someone who has a combination of a mental illness and substance misuse problem. Dually diagnosed patients are often frequent users of emergency services and of in-patient care (Bartels et al 1993). There is also a much higher rate of offending and imprisonment amongst this group (Yesavage and Zarcone 1983 cited in Menezes et al (1996). Yesvage and Zarcone cited in Menezes (1996) believe that alcohol and drug misuse interact with the symptoms of psychotic illness to produce a more severe acute illness. Due to the complication of treatment approach recovery is often slower than a psychotic episode uncomplicated by substance abuse. This places a great burden on resources and staff (Drake et al 1993), which is corroborated by the London survey (Menezes et al 1996) discovering on average that this group of patients spends almost twice as much time in hospital than those without a substance misuse problem. Clients with the most severe psychiatric disorders tend to have the highest rates of co-occurring substance use disorders (Drake 2007). It has been well documented that the co-existence of severe mental health and substance misuse problems are common (Regier et al 1990; Krausz et al 1996; Menezes et al 1996 cited in Graham 2003). Prevalence figures vary across studies however the latest study by Weldon and Ritchie (2010) estimate the lifetime prevalence rate of substance abuse amongst persons with severe mental illness at 50%, which is 4.6 times higher than that of the general population (Blanchard et al 2000). One of the challenges of mental health providers is how best to meet the needs of this group of clients (Graham 2003). The most recent government guidance is one of integrated treatment whereby the treatment for drug and alcohol problems are provided primarily within mental health services, integrating this with the treatment of mental health problems (DoH 2002). This is to be provided by one team and involves a flexible combination of treatments targeting the specific needs of those diagnosed with co-morbid severe mental illness and substance misuse (Horsfall 2009). Researchers and clinicians have developed a number of interventions that combine, or integrate mental health and substance abuse interventions (Drake et al 2007). An example of one element of integrated treatment is Cognitive- Behavioural Integrated Treatment (Graham and Carnwath 2004). C-bit incorporates an integrated approach with personalised formulation to deliver improved treatment outcomes to dual diagnosis patients. The focus of this essay will be on the use of C-bit (Graham and Carnwath 2004) and its application with a client who has been has been diagnosed with schizophrenia and alcohol problems. For the purpose of this essay and confidentiality his name has been changed to David. C-bit can be split into 4 distinct phases, Engagement and Building motivation, Negotiating some behaviour change, Early relapse prevention Relapse management. The essay will concentrate on negotiating behavioural change and what this entails. The author will then compare its effectiveness with an alternative approach. An introduction to C-Bit Hermine Graham (2004) describes C-bit as a psychological multi-purpose tool designed specifically for people with both a mental illness and a problematic substance misuse. It was developed from CBT which had a strong evidence base for mental health (Grant et al 2004) and substance use problems (Conrod and Stewart 2005). The evidence base of CBIT in dual diagnosis remains poor as studies have tended to focus on engagement and building motivation as appose to the maintenance of change that CBIT encompasses (Callaghan and Jones 2010). However early studies would suggest that the skilful use of analysis, disputing cognitions and homework assignments improve the skills required to promote abstinence including self-efficacy in finding, establishing and maintaining appropriate support networks (Rassool 2002). CBIT follows the cognitive model and treatment approach (Graham 1998, 2003). A clients beliefs about substance misuse are often linked to their own experience of mental health problems. David would often say in therapy that the side effects of his anti-psychotic medication made him feel over sedated and this had a knock on effect in social situations. He found that alcohol improved this and allowed him to integrate better in social situations. By continuing to use alcohol it was maintaining a negative maintenance cycle. Graham (2004) identifies three key aims of CBIT with dual diagnosis patients. The first concentrates on client and therapist identifying and challenging unrealistic beliefs about substance misuse and substituting them with alternatives that aim to break negative maintenance cycles. The second facilitates an understanding of the link between substance misuse and mental health problems and thirdly CBIT aims to give the client the ability to self-manage substance misuse and recognise the early signs of relapse. Although there are 4 distinct steps in treatment approach the flexibility of the treatment means a client does not need to progress through them all. The harm reduction philosophy that underpins the intervention (Heather et al 1993) puts more emphasis on a client setting more realistic goals and achieving these. Although flexibility is a key asset of CBIT it would be wrong to assume there was no structure to therapy sessions. In later sessions especially, before commencing a sess ion client and therapist must set an agenda to discuss which ensures key areas are discussed (Graham 2004). In practice, teams trained in the use of CBIT tend to use the general principle of the approach rather than the distinct components or techniques (Graham et al 2006). The author believes this shows the flexibility of the therapy and therapists and clients find what proves useful to them . Graham et al (2006) also discovered that when trained members of the team used various assets of CBIT, engagement increased, alcohol intake was reduced and a reduction in alcohol-related beliefs. The study however noticed similar findings when the client had been seen by teams that had not yet received CBIT training suggesting that CBIT alone was not responsible for the change in behaviour and belief. However, qualitative information recorded from the teams staff suggested that treatment integration increased over the course of the study, and that CBIT was a useful tool for integrating planning substance misuse treatment. Qualitative information from the team managers suggested that CBIT training i mproved the ability of teams to address substance use by themselves, rather than avoiding substance issues referring clients to specialists. Achievable Goal setting Following treatment phase one the client will be able to identify some of the negative effects of substance misuse. David could recognise the negative effect that alcohol use had on his ability to find any form of employment and how he had no real supportive social network besides drinking companions. Graham (2004) highlights that in treatment phase two it is probably too early for a client to consider complete abstinence. David was beginning to make links with the amount he drank and the negative effects he was having. Due to this he negotiated with the therapist that he would reduce his alcohol input by stopping all spirits but remaining on his strong lager. This follows the harm reduction philosophy that there are several levels in which change can occur that would reduce the negative impact it causes to the client. David identified his long-term goal as eventually getting some form of employment. Following treatment phase one David was able to see the impact excessive impact alco hol was having on his ability to make appointments on time (if at all), and how this would have a negative effect on any chance of employment. Graham (2004) suggests that for a client to get to this long-term goal a series of short term harm reducing steps need to be identified by the client in therapy that will in-turn have a positive impact upon his life. David had already agreed to stop drinking spirits but further steps included reducing contact with fellow drinkers, attending all appointments on time, getting his body back into a work routine. These steps would move David closer to the eventual long term goal and give him the belief that this was achievable. The therapist found that the use of the recovery star was a useful tool with aiding the client identify and plan how to achieve these goals. The recovery star helps both client and therapist measure change and visually see progress made. At times when David struggled to achieve goals it provided an opportunity for discussio n on how to change the approach. David found the tool useful in between sessions where he could refer back to past successes to give him the confidence to continue. On reflective sessions what proved important for David was to identify and discuss possible obstacles that he may experience in trying to achieve his goals and to recognise that if things do not go as planned it should not be automatically assumed to be a failure. Simmons and Griffith (2009) believe that there is never a failure but an opportunity to learn and do things differently. Behavioural Experiments By treatment phase two of CBIT the client will have identified an unhelpful thought, the nature of which will be maintaining a negative maintenance cycle. David had begun to plan harm reduction goals to reduce the negative aspects of his substance misuse however there was clearly some situations he was avoiding, and some underlying maladaptive thoughts there were perpetuating his problems. To address this the therapist and David discussed and designed a Behavioural Experiment. Beck (1995) believes that BEs strengthen an intellectual belief by helping the client test out alternative beliefs and thoughts in practice in order to gain evidence to discover the validity of a belief . Beck (1979) believed through altering behaviour a cognitive change occurs. BEs are significant as a means of explicitly targeting belief change through experience and as such offer prime opportunities for sustained therapeutic change (Padesky 2004). David held the belief that if he did not drink alcohol he wou ld appear boring and no-one would have any time for him. For this reason when David was going to be in the company of anyone he would drink excessively, therefore getting intoxicated became a safety behaviour. By allowing a client to see what will happen if they drop safety behaviour and then testing out what actually happens in that situation proves to be a powerful challenge to unhelpful assumptions (Whitfield and Davidson 2007). Sloan and Telch (2002) support this view adding that experiments target safety behaviours result in significantly greater changes than exposure alone. Safety behaviour may seem helpful and protective to a client but can lead to maintenance cycles of maladaptive processes perpetuating the initial belief. If a threat is not disconfirmed the maladaptive cognition continues (Salkovskis 1991, Sloan and Telch 2000, Clark 1989, Salkovski et al 1998). The notion of experimentation, derived from scientific principles, can be applied to the patients experience of t he therapeutic process and it is this active experience which can be so meaningful; the validity of a new cognition being generally more memorable when followed through from conceptualisation to active experience (Westbrook 2007). Once the evidence contradicts the initial belief it allows the client and therapist to explore the validity of new more adaptive beliefs (Westbrook et al 2007). David and the therapist designed an experiment in which he would limit his alcohol approach and would then engage in general conversation in his local pub. Initial experiments gave David the confidence to build on further experiment supporting the work of Bennett-levy (2004) who believe early experiments increase confidence and independence BEs can be active, where the patient takes the lead role in either real or simulated situations to test the validity of thoughts, or observational, where data is gathered. Lewin and Kolb propose a learning cycle in which it suggests that for learning and retenti on to be enhanced the client must build upon knowledge and understanding gained through the experiment which in turn forms a foundation for the next step of the experiment. (Lewin 1946; Kolb 1984). The five key aspects of this learning cycle, Experience, Observation, Reflection, Planning and then further experiment underpins BE work. Establishing supportive social networks In the field of substance misuse social factors are seen as important in the onset, aetiology and maintenance of substance misuse (Graham 2004). David recognised that as his alcohol intake increased the friends he associated with were also using alcohol regularly. This supports the work of Drake (2004) who identified that clients with both severe mental health problems and substance misuse problems would have social networks of solely fellow substance users. David felt increasingly isolated from anyone outside of this network as his behaviour would draw attention towards himself. Trumbetta et al (1999) suggest that for anyone to make changes in substance misuse they need to reduce contact with such peers. Healthier networks need to be formed which provide positive support where there is excessive substance misuse is not the norm (Drake 1993a). David identified his sister as someone who was willing to and who he would like as a supportive person away from mental health services. In cr isis David could contact his sister who could give him some level of support. Graham (2004) emphasises the importance of working closely with family members as they often know very little about dual diagnosis problems. David was only close with his sister. The rest of his family had isolated him due to his substance misuse. Ideally psycho-education information is often given in the group setting as family members may benefit from the experience and support of fellow members (Graham 2004). Davids sister became a key figure in Davids recovery and was encouraged to attend sessions on psycoeducation so she could best understand the problems associated with dual diagnosis clients and how best she could support David. Limitations of its use Prochaska and DiClemente (1992) recognised certain barriers to treatment for dual diagnosis patients in regards to therapeutic engagement, treatment continuance and goal setting. In the case of CBIT it makes assumptions of a certain level of coping skills and ability to facilitate cognitive change. Symptoms of schizophrenia can inhibit a clients impetus to change behaviour (Horsfall et al 2009). Negative symptoms which have a negative effect on motivation and energy affects individuals internal drive to initiate the complex behavioural routines needed for abstinence (Ballack and DiClemente 1999). An integrated treatment approach incorporating CBIT does not make dramatic changes in the short term, it is a long term therapy. Evidence based studies are always plagued by attrition rates as clients relapse or do not return to the study. This may suggest that CBIT may suffer from the same poor treatment compliance/attendance. For clients who complete a full programme of treatment 10-20 per cent achieves a stable remission of their substance use problems per year (Graham 2004). This seems a low figure for the intensive input required on the part of the therapist and client. Bellack and Gearon (1998) believe the therapist must become tolerant of this client group dropping in and out of therapy and abstaining then relapsing. Davids attendance was at times sporadic but the therapist never criticised him for this but used it as a platform for discussing problems experienced through the week. Drake et al (2001) suggests the importance of assertive outreach teams in retaining clients within programmes. Hellerstein et al (1995) cited in Philips et al (2010) highlight that without this input dropout rates may be high, especially amongst those identified as having difficulties participating in treatment. Alternative approaches The evidence base for dual diagnosis is still in its infancy. Those studies completed have limited generalisation due to methodological issues such as heterogeneous samples, equivocal descriptions of treatment components and high attrition rates (Weldon and Richie 2010). Horsfall et al (2009) recognises that due to a lack of longitudinal studies long term outcomes have yet to be determined. It also proves difficult to compare C-Bit with alternative interventions as C-Bit is not used in a vacuum it is often used in conjunction with other therapies such as pharmaceuticals of motivational interviewing. Kemp et al (2007) found a significant improvement in substance use in dual diagnosis patients when CBT and MI principle were combined. For the purpose of this essay the author will briefly look at one main alternative approach to dual diagnosis, that of motivational interviewing. Motivational interviewing Treasure (2004) describes MI as a patient centred counselling approach that facilitates the patient in resolve and explore ambivalence about behaviour change. The theory of MI centres on the cycle of change and its six components, precontemplation, contemplation, decision, action, maintenance of change and relapse. Miller and Rollnick (1994) describes motivation as something that one does as appose to something that one has. Empathy is vital in the therapeutic relationship and the use of MI. If the client believes the therapist has no appreciation of their experience they are likely to dis-engage or not fully commit to therapy. Rassool (2002) believes active listening also has an important role in MI. Reflecting back to the client their thoughts, fears, hopes and doubts give a feeling of genuineness, trust and empathy. In MI it is important not to offer advice , give judgement or attempt to question. The reason for behavioural change should be acknowledged and stated by the client. M I proves an effective therapy in dual diagnosis if delivered effectively. The therapist needs to avoid confrontation as this will lead to client denial, the role of the therapist as expert proves counter-productive and structured answer formats will inhibit the client in recognising the effects of their substance misuse. Motivational styles that guide a client in discovering alternative ways of thinking about their problems results in positive change (Miller and Rollnick 1991). By combining elements of style and technique MI has proven successful in dual diagnosis patients and has a developing evidence base. It proves difficult to contrast MI with CBIT as both complement each other so well and have similar approaches. Both are based on a collaborative relationship with clients, both incorporate a non-judgemental approach and both are approaches are built on empathy, warmth, trust and positive regard (Rogers, 1991). Both approaches also incorporate socratic questioning techniques encouraging the client to discover alternative meanings of their experience (Padesky and Greenberger 1995). One of the key differences is when it is best to use either technique. Those following a transtheoretical model of change may use MI when the client remains undecided about change in the precontemplation and contemplation stage whereas CBIT can be adopted when the client is more committed to change (Treasure 2004). This would support the work of Drake et al (2001) who after studying the work of a number of researchers believe that to enhance attendance and utilisation of treatment motivation interventions a re important. Conclusion The research on the impact of CBIT as a therapeutic intervention is still in its infancy. Some anecdotal evidence would suggest it provides the skills necessary to promote abstinence (Rassool 2002). Qualitative information gained from Grahams (2006) study suggests CBIT proved a useful tool for integrating and planning substance misuse. Due to the complex nature of dual diagnosis it seems unlikely that a single intervention will have the desired effect of meeting all the clients needs. Kemp (2007) supports this finding an improvement in substance misuse when MI and CBIT were combined. Due to this there has been a shift towards the integration of interventions delivered by mainstream mental health services (DOH 2002, 2006;Rassool 2002; Ziedonis et al. 2005). Some of the strongest treatment effects have come from combining a number of approaches (Barrowclough et al 2001; Bellacket et al. 2006).